Code :
- MOUNT(8) FreeBSD System Manager's Manual MOUNT(8)
- NAME
- mount -- mount file systems
- SYNOPSIS
- mount [-adfpruvw] [-o options] [-t ufs | external_type]
- mount [-dfpruvw] special | node
- mount [-dfpruvw] [-o options] [-t ufs | external_type] special node
- DESCRIPTION
- The mount utility calls the mount(2) system call to prepare and graft a
- special device or the remote node (rhost:path) on to the file system tree
- at the point node. If either special or node are not provided, the
- appropriate information is taken from the fstab(5) file.
- The system maintains a list of currently mounted file systems. If no
- arguments are given to mount, this list is printed.
- The options are as follows:
- -a All the filesystems described in fstab(5) are mounted. Excep-
- tions are those marked as ``noauto'', excluded by the -t flag
- (see below), or if they are already mounted (except the root
- filesystem which is always remounted to preserve traditional sin-
- gle user mode behavior).
- -d Causes everything to be done except for the actual system call.
- This option is useful in conjunction with the -v flag to deter-
- mine what the mount command is trying to do.
- -f Forces the revocation of write access when trying to downgrade a
- filesystem mount status from read-write to read-only. Also
- forces the R/W mount of an unclean filesystem (dangerous; use
- with caution).
- -o Options are specified with a -o flag followed by a comma sepa-
- rated string of options. In case of conflicting options being
- specified, the rightmost option takes effect. The following
- options are available:
- async All I/O to the file system should be done asynchronously.
- This is a dangerous flag to set, and should not be used
- unless you are prepared to recreate the file system
- should your system crash.
- current
- When used with the -u flag, this is the same as specify-
- ing the options currently in effect for the mounted
- filesystem.
- force The same as -f; forces the revocation of write access
- when trying to downgrade a filesystem mount status from
- read-write to read-only. Also forces the R/W mount of an
- unclean filesystem (dangerous; use with caution).
- fstab When used with the -u flag, this is the same as specify-
- ing all the options listed in the fstab(5) file for the
- filesystem.
- noasync
- Metadata I/O should be done synchronously, while data I/O
- should be done asynchronously. This is the default.
- noatime
- Do not update the file access time when reading from a
- file. This option is useful on filesystems where there
- are large numbers of files and performance is more criti-
- cal than updating the file access time (which is rarely
- ever important). This option is currently only supported
- on local filesystems.
- noauto This filesystem should be skipped when mount is run with
- the -a flag.
- noclusterr
- Disable read clustering.
- noclusterw
- Disable write clustering.
- nodev Do not interpret character or block special devices on
- the file system. This option is useful for a server that
- has file systems containing special devices for architec-
- tures other than its own. This option is set automati-
- cally when the user does not have super-user privileges.
- noexec Do not allow execution of any binaries on the mounted
- file system. This option is useful for a server that has
- file systems containing binaries for architectures other
- than its own.
- nosuid Do not allow set-user-identifier or set-group-identifier
- bits to take effect. Note: this option is worthless if a
- public available suid or sgid wrapper like suidperl(1) is
- installed on your system. It is set automatically when
- the user does not have super-user privileges.
- nosymfollow
- Do not follow symlinks on the mounted file system.
- rdonly The same as -r; mount the file system read-only (even the
- super-user may not write it).
- sync All I/O to the file system should be done synchronously.
- suiddir
- A directory on the mounted filesystem will respond to the
- SUID bit being set, by setting the owner of any new files
- to be the same as the owner of the directory. New direc-
- tories will inherit the bit from their parents. Execute
- bits are removed from the file, and it will not be given
- to root.
- This feature is designed for use on fileservers serving
- PC users via ftp, SAMBA, or netatalk. It provides secu-
- rity holes for shell users and as such should not be used
- on shell machines, especially on home directories. This
- option requires the SUIDDIR option in the kernel to work.
- Only UFS filesystems support this option. See chmod(2)
- for more information.
- update The same as -u; indicate that the status of an already
- mounted file system should be changed.
- union Causes the namespace at the mount point to appear as the
- union of the mounted filesystem root and the existing
- directory. Lookups will be done in the mounted filesys-
- tem first. If those operations fail due to a non-exis-
- tent file the underlying directory is then accessed. All
- creates are done in the mounted filesystem.
- Any additional options specific to a filesystem type that is not
- one of the internally known types (see the -t option) may be
- passed as a comma separated list; these options are distinguished
- by a leading ``-'' (dash). Options that take a value are speci-
- fied using the syntax -option=value. For example, the mount com-
- mand:
- mount -t mfs -o nosuid,-N,-s=4000 /dev/dk0b /tmp
- causes mount to execute the equivalent of:
- /sbin/mount_mfs -o nosuid -N -s 4000 /dev/dk0b /tmp
- Additional options specific to filesystem types which are not
- internally known (see the description of the -t option below) may
- be described in the manual pages for the associated
- /sbin/mount_XXX utilities.
- -p Print mount information in fstab(5) format. Implies also the -v
- option.
- -r The file system is to be mounted read-only. Mount the file sys-
- tem read-only (even the super-user may not write it). The same
- as the rdonly argument to the -o option.
- -t ufs | external_type
- The argument following the -t is used to indicate the file system
- type. The type ufs is the default. The -t option can be used to
- indicate that the actions should only be taken on filesystems of
- the specified type. More than one type may be specified in a
- comma separated list. The list of filesystem types can be pre-
- fixed with ``no'' to specify the filesystem types for which
- action should not be taken. For example, the mount command:
- mount -a -t nonfs,mfs
- mounts all filesystems except those of type NFS and MFS.
- If the type is not one of the internally known types, mount will
- attempt to execute a program in /sbin/mount_XXX where XXX is
- replaced by the type name. For example, nfs filesystems are
- mounted by the program /sbin/mount_nfs.
- Most filesystems will be dynamically loaded by their mount pro-
- grams if not already present in the kernel, using the vfsload(3)
- subroutine. Because this mechanism requires writable temporary
- space, the filesystem type containing /tmp must be compiled into
- the kernel, and the filesystems containing /tmp and /usr/bin/ld
- must be listed in /etc/fstab before any filesystems which might
- be dynamically loaded.
- -u The -u flag indicates that the status of an already mounted file
- system should be changed. Any of the options discussed above
- (the -o option) may be changed; also a file system can be changed
- from read-only to read-write or vice versa. An attempt to change
- from read-write to read-only will fail if any files on the
- filesystem are currently open for writing unless the -f flag is
- also specified. The set of options is determined by applying the
- options specified in the argument to -o and finally applying the
- -r or -w option.
- -v Verbose mode.
- -w The file system object is to be read and write.
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